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Journal of marine science and technology
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Journal of marine science and technology: 2005
Publish year: 2005
Category: Journal of marine science and technology
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ON PHYSICO-GEOGRAPHYCAL CONDITIONS DETERMINING FORMATION OF HYDROLOGICAL REGIME OF THE EAST SEA
Vo Van Lanh, Tong Phuoc Hoang Son
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Summary:
The paper concerns four main physical conditions determining formation of the hydrological regime of the East Sea. These are the wind and wind stress, radiation and heat balances, fresh water balance and water exchange with adjacent basins.
In the East Sea, there are two main monsoons: The North-East monsoon in November - March with mean velocity of about 7-8m/s and the South-West monsoon in May-September with mean velocity of about 5-6m/s. Besides, there are two transitional winds in April and October. They are less stable and intensive (3-5m/s). The directions of two main monsoons are parallel but on contrary each to other.
In general, the East Sea is the sea gaining heat from atmosphere. For the South-West part of East Sea, total heat flow through the sea surface is about +5Kcal/cm2/month. In the mean time the sea is losing turbulent advective heat of about -5Kcal/cm2/month.
For the South-West part of the East Sea, mean raining is about 1,720mm/year, the evaporation - about 1,860 mm/year, the Mekong river runoff is about 500-550 km3/year. The total continental runoff into the East Sea is more than 1,000km3/year.
Because of topographical conditions, there is not free water exchange through the East Sea. Water exchanged through the northern straits (Luzon and Taiwan straits) is much more than the water exchanged through the southern straits (Karimata, Gasper and Malacca straits). In the water layer from 100m to 2,600m, the East Sea is linked with adjacent seas almost only by Luzon strait and in water layer from 2,600m to bottom, the East Sea is isolated from adjacent seas. This is favorable condition for formation of specific types of hydrological structures in the East Sea such as multilayer structure, eddy structure etc.
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CALCULATED RESULTS OF TIDAL CURRENT SIMULATED BY A LINEAR 3D (THREE - DIMENSION) MODEL IN THINAI LAGOON (QUY NHON)
Bui Hong Long, Tran Van Chung
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Summary:
Calculation of hydro-dynamical elements including tidal current is playing very important role for planning, management and sustainable development in Thi Nai lagoon. This paper presents the tidal current system simulated by a linear 3D (three-dimension) model.
Calculated results indicate not only spatial distribution characters but also the vertical variation of tidal current in the lagoon as follow:
- During the ebb tide nearby the average sea level, the tidal current intensity is very low.
- Intensity of tidal current during the flood time is usually stronger than that during the neap time.
- The maximum tidal current at the moment of tidal trough is weaker than that at the moment of tidal crest, but the average tidal current has opposite trend in all water bodies of this lagoon, for example: on the surface, at the moment of tidal trough maximal tidal current reaches to 23.7cm/s and at the moment of tidal crest maximal tidal current reaches to 26.7cm/s, but average tidal current at the moment of tidal trough is stronger than that at the moment of tidal crest and correlative current velocities are 8.0cm/s and 7.1cm/s.
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PARAMETERIZATION OF OCEANOGRAPHIC STRUCTURES IN THE SURFACE LAYER OF the EAST SEA
La Van Bai, Ngo Manh Tien, Pham Xuan Duong
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
The study and identification on the surface water masses of the East Sea are met with difficulties because of the strong displacement of hydro-dynamical regime. This paper presents a using approximation of vertical structure in the surface layer by polynom of Chebusev in order to simplify the procedure of identification on the calculated “digital field” for modelling and forecast. Spatial distribution of coefficients A0, A1 and anomaly of studied elements was well described as having the features of hydrological structures of surface layer of the East Sea (SLES) in winter and summer.
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COMPUTATION OF WAVE CHARACTERISTICS IN THE COASTAL SHALLOW WATERS USING NUMERICAL WAVE MODEL - SWAN
Le Dinh Mau
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore) is a third-generation numerical wave model. The model based on the spectral wave action balance equation can be used for computation of wave characteristics over arbitrary bathymetry and current fields in coastal areas, tidal flats, tidal inlets, channels, barrier islands, estuaries etc. The model accounts for generation by wind, white-capping, nonlinear wave-current, wave-wave interactions (quadruplet, triad), bottom friction, shoaling, refraction, and depth-induced wave breaking. The offshore wave parameters were estimated by using Dolphin wave model. It is a hybrid point model as the combination of the parametric wind-sea and spectrally treated swells. The wave characteristics for typical conditions in the Cua Dai (Hoi An) area were estimated by using the above models, model results agreed well with measured ones. Obtained model results showed that Cu Lao Cham island, local wind and current conditions have an important role in the distribution of wave energy in the study area. The numerical SWAN model can be applied for further assessment of wave characteristics in the Cua Dai area and the coastal waters of Vietnam.
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SOME FEATURES OF CURRENTS IN THE SURFACE LAYER REGION AROUND THE HON LON ISLAND OF VAN PHONG BAY
Nguyen Ba Xuan
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
In March a general current in the regions around the Hon Lon island is directed mainly to the North with a frequency of more than 65% and maximal velocity of 30cm/s; The average current has the same direction; The diurnal tidal currents of K1, O1 are dominant in the western regions of Hon Lon, meanwhile in the Co Co strait a dominance is belonging to the semi-diurnal currents of M2, S2; The received results show that a current system is dominant in the water movements from the open sea to the Van Phong bay via the Co Co strait and the western coastal zones of the Hon Lon island.
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STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF POST- QUATERNARY SEDIMENT ON THE CONTINENTAL SLOPE IN SOUTHERN part OF VIETNAM SEA
Trinh The Hieu
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
This paper presents the results of geological analysis from sediment cores obtained on continental slope of the South of Vietnam which is restricted in latitudes of 7o 30’ N to 10o00’ N. According to the results of paleotologic analysis and age determination (by C14 technique), which are in a good agreement with previous publications, there are two different layers in the sediment cores: the under layer belongs to Late Pleistocene and the upper layer belongs to Holocene cover. They are distinguished by compound characteristics of sediment, geochemistry and paleotology. These characteristics show that under sediment layer has been formed in the period of plentiful terrestrial material source from land. This phenomenon related to spatial change of Mekong – Dong Nai delta in period of static sea level rise.
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SOME GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BOTTOM SEDIMENT IN QUY NHON BAY
Nguyen Dinh Dan, Ton Nu My Du
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
Quy Nhon bay which is located in the East of Quy Nhon city, Binh Dinh province, has a maximum depth of 30 metres. It is one of the most important locations in the socio-economical development strategies of Quy Nhon city, as well as the South of Central Area and the West plateau of Vietnam.
In this article, some geochemical features of the sediment have been presented. The distribution, variation and relationship of the contents of nutritive elements such as organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus; some heavy metals as copper, lead, zinc and pH, C/N and Fe3+/Fe2+ ratios have been established.
The results show that the contents of nutritive elements and heavy metals decrease southwards while their higher content has been found in mud sediment in the northwestern part of the bay. It could be concluded that the quality of sedimentary environment of Quy Nhon bay is still in good condition.
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THE CONCENTRATION OF NUTRITIVE ELEMENTS IN THE WATERS OF NHA TRANG BAY in 2004
Le Thi Vinh, Nguyen Hong Thu,
Duong Trong Kiem, Pham Huu Tam
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
The paper presents the distributions of nutritive elements in water environment of Nha Trang bay in 2004. Collected data indicated that the concentrations of ammonia and nitrite were very low, and the concentrations of nitrate and silicate were intermediate. The concentrations of the most nutrients did not show a significant difference at stations and sampling dates (dry and rainy seasons) except for phosphate, concentration of this nutrient was higher in rainy season compared to dry season.
According to some current Fishery Water Standards, coastal water quality was still relatively good, only phosphate concentration exceeded the maximum allowable concentration at some stations in rainy season, especially in the southern part of the bay. Phosphate acted as limiting nutrient in dry season and nitrate acted as limiting nutrient in rainy season.
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DINOFLAGELLATES IN NHA TRANG BAY
Ho Van The, Nguyen Ngoc Lam
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
The present study investigated variation in biomass, cell density, and species composition of Dinoflagelates in 2003 in Nha Trang bay. A list of 103 species in 6 orders, 17 families, and 24 genera were recorded. Cell density greatly varied in time with the lowest in March (220 cells/L) and the highest in October 2003 (7,550 cells/L). There were two peaks of cell density: in dry season (August, 3,450 cells/L) and rainy season (October, 7,550 cells/L). Average carbon biomass ranged between 0.59 – 2.82 µgC/L. Analysis of possible relationship between cell density, biomass of dinoflagelates and some environmental factors showed unclear correlation.
Keywords: Dinoflagellates, carbon biomass, cell density, seasonal variation, Nha Trang bay.
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SEASONAL VARIATION OF DIATOMS CHAETOCEROS EHRENBERG (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) IN NHA TRANG BAY IN 2003
Nguyen Thi Mai Anh & Doan Nhu Hai
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
Density and biomass of Chaetoceros in Nha Trang bay varied from 0.07x103 cells/L and 0.007 µgC/L to 111.74x103cells/L and 6.28µgC/L in 2003. There are two peaks, a highest in July and other in November. There was an alternation in species composition contributed to biomass peaks, of which July (dry season) with small and medium size species such as C. affinis, C. laciniosus, Chaetoceros compressus, C. messasensis, while in October-November (rainy season) with larger species such as Chaetoceros lorezianus, C. pseudobrevis, C. brevis, C. decipiens. Density and biomass of Chaetoceros at the surface layer are two times higher than that at the bottom layer. There isn’t significant difference in season as well as between northern and southern parts of the bay.
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A TOXIC BENTHIC DINOFLAGELLATE PROROCENTRUM ARABIANUM MORTON ET FAUST ISOLATED FROM PHAN RI BAY, SOUTH CENTRAL VIETNAM
Nguyen Ngoc Lam1, Steve Morton2
1Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
2NOAA National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal and
Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research
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ABSTRACT:
Dinoflagellates were isolated from Liagora sp. (Rhodophytes) in tidal area of Phan Ri bay, Binh Thuan province. Based upon the morphology, species was identified as Prorocentrum arabianum that is a new record to flora of microalgae in Vietnam. The cells are wide oval shape, 30 - 40 µm width and 40 - 45 µm length. Thecal surface is rugose with the scattered pores except for the center. Large nucleic and pyroneid posited at the lower part and the center of cell, respectively. Intercalary band is horizontally striated. Analysis of P. arabianum confirms the production of one cytotoxic non-polar compound and one ichthyotoxic polar compound.
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SOME NEW RECORDS OF MARINE ALGAE FROM VIETNAM – PART III
1Nguyen Huu Dai, 2Le Nhu Hau
1Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
2Nhatrang Branch of Material Science Institute (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
Five algal species belonging to Rhodophyta and Phaeophyta were identified and described. They are Stenopeltis setchelliae (Yamada) Itono & Yoshizaki, Helminthocladia australis Harvey, Liagora filiformis Fan & Li, Wrangelia tanegana Harvey, and Hydroclathrus tenuis Tseng & Lu. The specimens of these species had been collected along the coasts of Quang Ngai (Ly Son island), Khanh Hoa (Nha Trang bay, Truong Sa archipelago) and Ninh Thuan (Ninh Hai) provinces. They are new records to the algal flora of Vietnam.
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THE VARIABILITY IN EGG DENSITY OF RED ANCHOVY
STOLEPHORUS ZOLLINGERI (BLEEKER, 1849) IN NHA TRANG BAY KHANH HOA PROVINCE
Vo Van Quang, Tran Thi Le Van
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
This paper presents the seasonal variation in egg densities of red anchovy (Stolephorus zollingeri) in Nha Trang bay. This research shows that Nha Trang bay is spawning ground of red anchovy, mean density is 258.8 eggs per 100 cubic meters of sea water and they breed all year round and spawning peak is March (beginning of dry season) and September (beginning of rainy season). The fish eggs occurred in all stations of the area and concentrated in the north of bay.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ADDITIONAL SPECIES OF ECHINODERMS TO THE INVERTEBRATE FAUNA IN VIETNAMESE WATERS
(PART I: BRITTLE-STARS)
Dao Tan Ho
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
In the recent surveys on zoobenthos in general and Echinoderms in particular, some species of Echinoderms were recorded for the first time in Vietnamese waters and added for the species composition list of marine invertebrate in Vietnam. These species will be described in turn in the “Collection of Marine Research Works”.
This report described six species of Brittle-stars (class Ophiuroidea) as follows: Ophionephthys difficilis, Ophiomastix variabilis, Ophionereis variegata, Ophiarachnella septemspinosa, Ophiarachnella snelliusi and Ophiolepis rugosa. The report also provided the information of the specimens (date and site of collection, depth, substratum...) and their photos.
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SOME FLUORESCENT ORGANISMS EXCITED BY ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT
IN THE NHATRANG BAY
Nguyen Van Luc, Nguyen Tac An, Nguyen Phi Uy Vu, Hoang Duc Lu
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
The results of underwater surveys and experimental analysis in 2004 determined that there were about 17 species of underwater creatures (including 14 Hard Corals, 1 Soft Coral and 2 Anemones) fluorescing brightly under ultraviolet light in Nha Trang bay. These fluorescent creatures have been cultured in living for a long time at the aquariums of Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang city). Some studies on the pigments of fluorescent corals and some samples of fluorescing corals will be showed to tourists in Institute of Oceanography. This paper is the first publication of fluorescence of marine creatures in Vietnam.
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LIPIDS, UNSAPONIFIABLE MATTERS AND STEROLS IN SOME SPECIES OF BIVALVE COLLECTED IN NHAPHU LAGOON (KHANH HOA PROVINCE)
Do Tuyet Nga, Dao Viet Ha, Pham Xuan Ky, Le Cong Dai
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
The lipid content in the muscle of Perna viridis was highest 1.073%, and that in the viscera of Spondylus squamosus was highest 2.363%.
The unsaponifiable matter content in the muscle of Perna viridis was highest 0.701%, and that in the viscera of Spondylus squamosus was highest 0.987%.
The sterol content in the muscle of Perna viridis was highest 0.1273%, and that in the viscera of Spondylus squamosus was highest 0.1298%.
The lipid contents in muscles were always lower than those in the viscera. However, the saponifiable matter of Crassostrea belcheri collected in July, and sterols of Perna viridis collected in September and Atrina pectinata collected in July and September showed the contents of which in the muscles higher than those in the viscera.
Mostly, the contents of lipids, unsaponifiable matters and sterols of 5 Bivalve species were highest in July 2004.
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QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF MARINE PHOTOSYNTHESIS DEPENDENCE ON IRRADIANCE, CO2 CONCENTRATION AND ITS DIFFUSION RESISTANCE
V. I. Zvalinsky1, Nguyen Tac An 2
1 Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute,
Far Eastern Branch of RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
2Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
The models of marine primary production (PP) as functions of one or several factors are considered. The general and simplified conceptual models of photosynthesis as a chain of the coupled cyclical reactions are proposed. As much as possible simplified PP model of three coupled cyclical reactions allows us to find the mathematical description of dependence of the photosynthesis rate on light intensity, concentration and diffusion resistance of CO2. The dependence of photosynthesis rate on one of the factors – irradiance or CO2 concentration - is described by the equation of a non-rectangular hyperbola. It is shown that in the simplest case three parameters determine the character of the light or CO2 dependence: the maximal photosynthesis rate, the light saturation constant (I-constant) or the CO2 saturation constant (CO2- constant) and the parameter of hyperbola non-rectangularity. Special (straightening) coordinates are proposed in which all family of hyperbola has a shape of a straight line. Using these coordinates the comparison of the experimental light and CO2 curves with the theoretical ones is carried out. This comparison has shown a high degree of adequacy of the proposed models to real PP light and CO2 dependencies.
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EFFICIENCY OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN SUOI HIEP AND SUOI DAU INDUSTRIAL ZONES (KHANH HOA)
Le Thi Vinh, Pham Van Thom, Duong Trong Kiem,
Nguyen Hong Thu, Pham Huu Tam
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
Waste water treatment and management in Suoi Hiep and Suoi Dau industrial zones were not really good, which are described as follows:
In Suoi Hiep industrial zone, the concentration of organic P, grease and oil, and coliform from four factories exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations for industrial waste water, class A. Other four factories discharged raw waste water with high concentrations of contaminants into the aquatic environment. Comparing with maximum allowable concentration for surface water, class A set up by Vietnamese government, the waters in Cu Thanh village were moderately contaminated.
In Suoi Dau industrial zone, after preliminary treatment in each factory, waste waters were pumped to waste water treatment plant to undergo secondary treatment. However, after secondary treatment only concentrations of COD, suspended solids, pH and BOD in treated waste water were within the maximum allowable concentration for industrial waste water, class A; concentration of nutritive elements (N and P), grease and oil, and coliform exceeded the maximum allowable concentration for industrial waste water, class A set up by Vietnamese government. Besides, raw waste water discharges from factories into the environment were still occuring. Comparing with maximum allowable concentration for surface water, class A set up by Vietnamese goverment, waters in Dong Cau village were contaminated rather seriously.
To enhance efficiency of waste water treatment and management, it is neccesary to: force factories to have waste water treament systems; improve available waste water treament system such as disinfecting waste, increasing water stabilization lagoon volume; carefully watch waste water discharge of factories.
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IMPACT OF NIX GRAINS FROM THE HYUNDAI-VINASHIN SHIPYARD ON THE HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION OF OYSTER SACCOSTREA CUCULLATA , VAN PHONG BAY
Le Thi Vinh
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
In order to investigate the impacts of solid waste from Hyundai - Vinashin Shipyard (HVS) on heavy metal concentration in Oyster Saccostrea cucullata, oyster samples had been collected arounding My Giang island (near HVS) and Mui Du (far the HVS) during 2002-2004 and were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn.
The results showed that: (1) the concentrations of Zn and Cu in the oyster samples collected at My Giang island were higher than that at Mui Du; (2) An increasing trend in levels of these metals was observed, especially in My Giang island. This suggests that Oysters Saccostrea cucullata in Van Phong bay were most contaminated by the metal from dusts of NIX that HVS used for cleaning ship crusts.
Concerning seafood safety, the average metal contents (Zn, Cu, Cr) in the samples from Van Phong bay, especially My Giang island already exceeded the maximum permissible levels set up by Ministry of Public Health of Vietnam and Hong Kong.
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THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COMBINED CULTURE OF MUSSEL PERNA VIRIDIS WITH LOBSTER AT XUAN TU (VAN NINH, KHANH HOA)
Pham Thi Du, Do Huu Hoang, Hoang Trung Du, Vo Thi Hai Thi
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
The experimental study on combined culture of mussel Perna viridis with lobster had been carried out at Xuan Tu, Khanh Hoa province from February 2003 to April 2004.
Juvenile mussels from Nha Phu bay adapted well and grew rapidly when they were translocated to the lobster cages in Xuan Tu waters. Mean growth rate of the translocated mussel was 0.69 cm/month and this was no less than that recorded by mussels at Nha Phu bay (the original place). An economic analysis of the mussel-lobster culture system showed that the cost of feed for the lobsters can be reduced by one third.
The survival rate of lobsters fed on cultured mussel was higher than those traditionally fed on coarse fish while the growth rate of lobsters was the same for both feeding systems. However, lobsters fed on mussel were more healthy than those fed on coarse fish.
Evently, environmental quality around the cages of combined culture of lobsters and mussel was improved: The concentrations of organic matter in the deep water and in the sediment reduced respectively by 83% and 63%. Microorganisms in the sediment decreased strongly by 94% for Fecal coliform and 75.5% for Vibrio at the site of combined culture, but increased by 23.1% and 90.5%, respectively at the site of the culture without mussels.
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FOOD COMPOSITION AND REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF BULLET TUNA AUXIS ROCHEI (RISSO, 1810) IN NHA TRANG - KHANH HOA
Le Thi Thu Thao, Ho Ba Dinh, Vo Van Quang,
Nguyen Phi Uy Vu and Tran Thi Hong Hoa
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
Bullet tuna Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810) belonging to the family Scombridae, has high economic value and mainly distributes in the marine region of Central Vietnam. Based on the data collected in the fishing season of Bullet Tuna from April to November 2004 in landing port of purse seine and lifting net in Nha Trang – Khanh Hoa, this paper presents some results on catch length, length – weight relationship, food composition, sex ratio and reproductive season of this species.
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THE PARASITE COMPOSITION OF SOME GROUPER SPECIES BELONGING TO EPINEPHELUS IN KHANH HOA WATERS, VIETNAM
Vo The Dung1, G. A. Bristow3, Nguyen Huu Dung2,
Vo Thi Dung1 & Nguyen Thi Thanh Thuy1
1Research Institute of Aquaculture No. 3, Nha Trang-Viet Nam
2University of Fisheries, Nha Trang-Viet Nam
3University of Bergen, Bergen- Norway
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ABSTRACT:
225 specimens of grouper belonging to the genus Epinephelus were dissected for parasite study. The specimens were collected from wild, pond and cage culture systems. The size of the specimens ranged from 58 – 360 mm, mean length was 152.6 mm. Results show that groupers are sensitive to the parasites as much as many marine fish species. More than 20 ectoparasites species including metazoans and protozoans have been found from the samples.
Key words: Grouper, Epinephelus, parasites, metazoan, protozoan, ectoparasites.
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COASTAL AQUACULTURE - LESSONS FROM MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE OF THAILAND
Le Thi Thu Ha
Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang)
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ABSTRACT:
Coastal aquaculture plays a vital role as a key industry that has brought very high profit to Thailand. Aquaculture development has been improving significantly coastal people livelihood. In addition, aquaculture particularly shrimp farming has promoted infrastructure construction, enhanced rural knowledge and simultaneously improved life and working conditions. Thailand started with traditional aquaculture (Extensive farm) then the aquaculture was rapidly expanded in both area and farming styles. In 1994, almost 80% shrimp farmers moved to intensive farms. This was boom period of Thailand shrimp culture. However, coastal aquaculture faced to series of difficulties and collapse since 2000 due to disease and environmental problems.
In addition to the synchronous multi-system of regulations; legislations; laws and policies, Thailand has a lot of aquaculture research organizations that have been facilitated by modern technologies and skilled staffs serving significantly to aquaculture development. Furthermore, institutions on farming registration, permission and also pollution taxes measures etc. are guidance and instruments for appropriate aquaculture management in Thailand.
This paper used secondary data as aquaculture institutions, policies, legislations and so on integrating with field surveys and observation at some coastal aquaculture sites in Thailand. The paper aims to review and assess coastal aquaculture situation of Thailand with its strengths, weaknesses and also experiences in management that may be referred as lessons for coastal aquaculture management in Vietnam.
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